Steps to reconcile bank statements with ledger

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How to Check Your Bank Statement Against Your Ledger

Steps to reconcile bank statements with ledger are important for keeping your business finances accurate. This process helps you find any differences between your bank records and your own bookkeeping.

Start by getting your latest bank statement and your ledger (cash book). Your ledger is the record where you write all the payments, receipts, and bank transactions.

Follow these practical steps for easy reconciliation:

  1. Compare Opening Balances: Check if the opening balance on your bank statement matches the closing balance on your last ledger. If they do not match, you must investigate the difference before moving on.
  2. Tick Off Matching Transactions: Go through each entry on your bank statement and find the same transaction in your ledger. Tick both entries off as you match them. This confirms these payments or deposits are recorded.
  3. Identify Unrecorded Transactions: Look for transactions on the bank statement not found in your ledger. These could be bank fees, direct debits, or interest payments. Add these to your ledger to update it.
  4. Find Unpresented Cheques: Check if there are any cheques in your ledger still not cleared by the bank. These will appear in your ledger but not yet on the bank statement. Note these for future reference.
  5. Adjust for Errors: If you find mistakes in your ledger entries such as wrong amounts or dates, correct them. Also, check with the bank if their statement has errors to be resolved.
  6. Calculate the Adjusted Balances: Use the bank statement balance and add deposits not in the bank or subtract unpresented cheques to get an adjusted bank balance.
  7. Match Adjusted Balances: Your adjusted bank balance must match the adjusted ledger balance. If they do, your reconciliation is complete.

Regularly doing this makes sure your financial records are complete and helps catch fraud or mistakes early.

Remember, bank reconciliation is usually done monthly after receiving the bank statement. Keep a record of your reconciliation work for auditing and tracking purposes.

Live Scenario • Active Situation

You are an accounts clerk tasked with reconciling the company’s bank statement against the ledger to ensure financial accuracy before the month-end report.

There is no single perfect answer. Choose what you would do in this situation.